TOP TEN INVENTIONS OF XVIII 

CENTURY

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

(August 26, 1743 - May 8, 1794)

BIOGRAPHY

French chemist, born on August 26, 1743 in Paris. He was one of the main protagonists of the scientific revolution that led to the consolidation of chemistry, so it is considered the founder of modern chemistry. He studied law, although its activity began to focus on scientific research. He was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1768. He held various public offices, including state director of business for the manufacture of gunpowder in 1776, a member of a committee to establish a uniform system of weights in 1790 and commissioner of the treasury in 1791. Lavoisier tried to introduce reforms in the monetary system and the French tax and agricultural production methods.

TIMELINE 

• 1768.- He was selected as a member of the French sciences academy. 

• 1772 .-  Benefit about the nature and four elements and investigate the about the paper played by air. 

• 1776.- Director of the jobs for the fabricatons of the gunpowder. 

• 1777.- He wrote about the combustion.

• 1778.- Reflections about the nature. 

• 1786.- Published a brillant refutation of that theory. 

• 1787.- Method of chemical nomenclature. 

• 1789.- The chemical elemental treaty. 

• 1790.- Member of a comision toestablish a uniform system of weights. 

• 1791.- Commissioner of the treasure.  

Help many people to study and understand chemistry

SCIENCE CONTRIBUTIONS 

The paper played by air In 1772

In his school days, was taught that fluid was vaporized by either being transmuted into air or by being dissolved in air like salts dissolve in water. showed that all substances can exist in the three stages of matter. However, he believed that these changes in state were the result of fire combing with matter. This "matter of fire" or "caloric" was weightless and combined with solid to form liquid and combined with liquid to form gas.

The manufacture  of the gunpowder in 1776.

After being appointed to the National Gunpowder Commission in 1775. At the Arsenal, Lavoisier was in effective charge of gunpowder production and research. He was appointed as a director of the gunpowder administration.

The combustion.

In 1777 Lavoisier published a paper on respiration. The title of the paper was “Experiments on the respiration of animals and on the changes, which the Air undergoes in passing through the lungs.” Lavoisier demonstrated that respiration was a slow combustion or oxidation. The process of respiration used oxygen and released carbon dioxide.

Reflections about the nature:

In Considérations Générales sur la Nature des Acides (1778), he demonstrated that the "air" responsible for combustion was also the source of acidity. The next year, he named this portion oxygen

In Methods of Chemical Nomenclature (1787). He invented the system of chemical nomenclature still largely in use today, including names such as sulfuric acid, sulfates, and sulfites.  

(Elementary Treatise of Chemistry, 1789) was the first modern chemical textbook, and presented a unified view of new theories of chemistry, contained a clear statement of the Law of Conservation of Mass, and denied the existence of phlogiston. Lavoisier clarified the concept of element as a simple substance that can not be broken by any known method of chemical analysis, and developed a theory of the formation of compounds from the elements.